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Cluster voltage control method for “Whole County” distributed photovoltaics based on improved differential

《能源前沿（英文）》页码 782-795 doi: 10.1007/s11708-023-0905-8

摘要： China is vigorously promoting the “whole county promotion” of distributed photovoltaics (DPVs). However, the high penetration rate of DPVs has brought problems such as voltage violation and power quality degradation to the distribution network, seriously affecting the safety and reliability of the power system. The traditional centralized control method of the distribution network has the problem of low efficiency, which is not practical enough in engineering practice. To address the problems, this paper proposes a cluster voltage control method for distributed photovoltaic grid-connected distribution network. First, it partitions the distribution network into clusters, and different clusters exchange terminal voltage information through a “virtual slack bus.” Then, in each cluster, based on the control strategy of “reactive power compensation first, active power curtailment later,” it employs an improved differential evolution (IDE) algorithm based on Cauchy disturbance to control the voltage. Simulation results in two different distribution systems show that the proposed method not only greatly improves the operational efficiency of the algorithm but also effectively controls the voltage of the distribution network, and maximizes the consumption capacity of DPVs based on qualified voltage.

关键词： distributed photovoltaics (DPVs) cluster partitioning improved differential evolution algorithm voltage control consumption capacity of distributed photovoltaics

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A review of bifacial solar photovoltaic applications

《能源前沿（英文）》页码 704-726 doi: 10.1007/s11708-023-0903-7

摘要： Bifacial photovoltaics (BPVs) are a promising alternative to conventional monofacial photovoltaics given their ability to exploit solar irradiance from both the front and rear sides of the panel, allowing for a higher amount of energy production per unit area. The BPV industry is still emerging, and there is much work to be done until it is a fully mature technology. There are a limited number of reviews of the BPV technology, and the reviews focus on different aspects of BPV. This review comprises an extensive in-depth look at BPV applications throughout all the current major applications, identifying studies conducted for each of the applications, and their outcomes, focusing on optimization for BPV systems under different applications, comparing levelized cost of electricity, integrating the use of BPV with existing systems such as green roofs, information on irradiance and electrical modeling, as well as providing future scope for research to improve the technology and help the industry.

关键词： bifacial photovoltaics (BPVs) bifacial photovoltaics applications review solar

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基于Cu(In,Ga)Se₂ 低成本薄膜的光伏技术的进展

Powalla Michael,Paetel Stefan,Hariskos Dimitrios,Wuerz Roland,Kessler Friedrich,Lechner Peter,Wischmann Wiltraud,Magorian Friedlmeier Theresa

《工程（英文）》 2017年第3卷第4期页码 445-451 doi: 10.1016/J.ENG.2017.04.015

摘要：

本文讨论了基于Cu(In,Ga)Se ₂ (CIGS) 复合薄膜半导体材料的光伏（PV）技术。主要内容包括CIGS技术与传统的晶体硅技术的总体比较、CIGS 技术基础、一种柔性CIGS 电池产品破世界纪录的转化效率，以及在生产、应用和稳定性方面的突出表现和良好的发展前景。CIGS 技术极具潜力，若能实现大规模量产，将成为所有光伏清洁发电技术中成本最低的一种技术。

关键词：薄膜光伏太阳能柔性 Cu(In Ga)Se₂

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An energy consumption prediction approach of die casting machines driven by product parameters

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2021年第16卷第4期页码 868-886 doi: 10.1007/s11465-021-0656-0

摘要： Die casting machines, which are the core equipment of the machinery manufacturing industry, consume great amounts of energy. The energy consumption prediction of die casting machines can support energy consumption quota, process parameter energy-saving optimization, energy-saving design, and energy efficiency evaluation; thus, it is of great significance for Industry 4.0 and green manufacturing. Nevertheless, due to the uncertainty and complexity of the energy consumption in die casting machines, there is still a lack of an approach for energy consumption prediction that can provide support for process parameter optimization and product design taking energy efficiency into consideration. To fill this gap, this paper proposes an energy consumption prediction approach for die casting machines driven by product parameters. Firstly, the system boundary of energy consumption prediction is defined, and subsequently, based on the energy consumption characteristics analysis, a theoretical energy consumption model is established. Consequently, a systematic energy consumption prediction approach for die casting machines, involving product, die, equipment, and process parameters, is proposed. Finally, the feasibility and reliability of the proposed energy consumption prediction approach are verified with the help of three die casting machines and six types of products. The results show that the prediction accuracy of production time and energy consumption reached 91.64% and 85.55%, respectively. Overall, the proposed approach can be used for the energy consumption prediction of different die casting machines with different products.

关键词： die casting machine energy consumption prediction product parameters

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Energy consumption of 270 schools in Tianjin, China

Jincheng XING,Junjie CHEN,Jihong LING

《能源前沿（英文）》 2015年第9卷第2期页码 217-230 doi: 10.1007/s11708-015-0352-z

摘要： With the rapid development of education cause, the increasing energy consumption of school buildings is gradually causing widespread concern in recent years in China. This paper presented an analysis of energy consumption of 270 schools located in the city of Tianjin, China. The analysis focused specifically on calculating the space heating energy consumption indexes and non-heating energy consumption indexes of different types of schools, aiming at providing reliable and precise data for the government to elaborate policies and measures. The space heating energy consumption of schools adopting district heating and gas boiler were 92.04 kWh/(m ·a) and 64.25 kWh/(m ·a), respectively. Comparing to the schools without a canteen, the non-heating energy consumption index of schools with a canteen can increase by 8%–37%. Furthermore, clustering of different energy sources, the total primary energy consumption indexes were also presented. Space heating energy consumption accounted for approximately 64%–79% of the total primary energy consumption. When using time-sharing control and self-contained gas boiler instead of district heating, an amount of almost 27.8 kWh/(m ·a) and 77.5 kWh/(m ·a) can be saved respectively. Through extensive statistical analysis of the data collected, this paper demonstrated that gross floor area, heating energy source and canteen had a close relationship with the total primary energy consumption regarding complete schools. Eventually, a linear regression equation was established to make a simple prediction about the total energy consumption of existing complete schools and to estimate the energy consumption of complete schools to be built.

关键词： schools energy consumption index primary energy energy saving regression analysis

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Richard Fujimoto：并行和分布式仿真中的功耗问题（2019年10月12日）

Richard Fujimoto(高级职称)

2021年01月20日

关键词：仿真技术

Organizational dynamics in adaptive distributed search processes: effects on performance and the role

Friederike WALL

《信息与电子工程前沿（英文）》 2016年第17卷第4期页码 283-295 doi: 10.1631/FITEE.1500306

摘要： In this paper, the effects of altering the organizational setting of distributed adaptive search processes in the course of search are investigated. We put particular emphasis on the complexity of interactions between partial search problems assigned to search agents. Employing an agent-based simulation based on the framework of NK landscapes we analyze different temporal change modes of the organizational set-up. The organizational properties under change include, for example, the coordination mechanisms among search agents. Results suggest that inducing organizational dynamics has the potential to increase the effectiveness of distributed adaptive search processes with respect to various performance measures like the final performance achieved at the end of the search, the chance to find the optimal solution of the search problem, or the average performance per period achieved during the search process. However, results also indicate that the mode of temporal change in conjunction with the complexity of the search problem considerably affects the order of magnitude of these beneficial effects. In particular, results suggest that organizational dynamics induces a shift towards more exploration, i.e., discovery of new areas in the fitness landscape, and less exploitation, i.e., stepwise improvement.

关键词： Agent-based simulation Complexity Coordination Distributed search NK landscapes

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Energy consumption and carbon emissions of hospitals in Tianjin

Chongxu JIANG, Jincheng XING, Jihong LING, Xiaona QIN

《能源前沿（英文）》 2012年第6卷第4期页码 427-435 doi: 10.1007/s11708-012-0199-5

摘要： An energy audit of 22 tertiary hospitals was conducted in Tianjin. The detailed content included design data, basic information, energy bills and equipment lists. It was shown that during the study, the energy intensity of hospitals in Tianjin was approximately stable and the average level of energy consumption was 348 kW·h/(m ·a). From the date collected, it was calculated that the energy intensity of general hospitals was 380 kW·h/(m ·a), and the average carbon emissions was 157 kgCO /(m ·a); While the energy intensity of specialized hospitals was 309 kW·h/(m ·a), and the average carbon emissions was 131 kgCO /(m ·a). By breaking the energy consumption down into several items, it was found that the heating system consumed the highest amount of energy (42.12%), followed by the cooling system (6.78%), the medical equipment (4.98%) and the lighting system (3.63%). The main factors that affect the hospital energy consumption were determined, and some feasible technology and management measures to save energy and reduce carbon emissions were proposed.

关键词： hospital building energy consumption carbon emissions energy saving emission reduction

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Data-driven distribution network topology identification considering correlated generation power of distributed

《能源前沿（英文）》 2022年第16卷第1期页码 121-129 doi: 10.1007/s11708-021-0780-x

摘要： This paper proposes a data-driven topology identification method for distribution systems with distributed energy resources (DERs). First, a neural network is trained to depict the relationship between nodal power injections and voltage magnitude measurements, and then it is used to generate synthetic measurements under independent nodal power injections, thus eliminating the influence of correlated nodal power injections on topology identification. Second, a maximal information coefficient-based maximum spanning tree algorithm is developed to obtain the network topology by evaluating the dependence among the synthetic measurements. The proposed method is tested on different distribution networks and the simulation results are compared with those of other methods to validate the effectiveness of the proposed method.

关键词： power distribution network data-driven topology identification distributed energy resource maximal information coefficient

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Survey and analysis of energy consumption in office buildings in Tianjin

Junlong LI, Huan ZHANG, Shijun YOU, Zhenhui XIE

《能源前沿（英文）》 2013年第7卷第1期页码 69-74 doi: 10.1007/s11708-012-0221-y

摘要： An energy audit of 24 office buildings was conducted in Tianjin, including basic information of buildings, building energy system and energy bills. The investigation results showed that the average intensity of energy consumption in office buildings in Tianjin accounts for 161.51 kW·h/(m ·a). By breaking the energy consumption down into detailed items, it was found that the heating system consumed the highest amount of energy (46.6%), followed by equipment (35.9%), cooling system (11%) and lighting system (6.69%). The main factors for office building energy consumption were found and some feasible measures to save energy were proposed.

关键词： office building energy consumption intensity energy consumption breakdown energy saving measures

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消费领域用能特征探究

江亿,朱安东,郭偲悦

《中国工程科学》 2015年第17卷第8期页码 122-131

摘要：

根据使用过程特征，可以将用能行为分成生产领域用能与消费领域用能。前者提供产品，后者提供服务。消费领域与生产领域用能存在不同特征，其评价方法、节能途径、战略政策等也存在差别。考虑到这一领域能耗可能是我国下一阶段能耗增长点，在节能领域需要对其给予足够的重视。本文在分析消费领域用能特征的基础上，提出对其的衡量方式和节能途径，并针对我国目前消费领域用能的现状给出建议。

关键词：消费领域；生产领域；能耗；特征

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Energy conservation in China’s coal-fired power industry by installing advanced units and organized phasing out backward production

Weiliang WANG, Junfu LYU, Zheng LI, Hai ZHANG, Guangxi YUE, Weidou NI

《能源前沿（英文）》 2019年第13卷第4期页码 798-807 doi: 10.1007/s11708-019-0633-z

摘要： Coal-fired power is the main power source and the biggest contributor to energy conservation in the past several decades in China. It is generally believed that advanced technology should be counted on for energy conservation. However, a review of the decline in the national average net coal consumption rate (NCCR) of China’s coal-fired power industry along with its development over the past few decades indicates that the up-gradation of the national unit capacity structure (including installing advanced production and phasing out backward production) plays a more important role. A quantitative study on the effect of the unit capacity structure up-gradation on the decline in the national average NCCR suggests that phasing out backward production is the leading factor for the decline in the NCCR in the past decade, followed by the new installation, whose sum contributes to approximately 80% of the decline in the national average NCCR. The new installation has an effective affecting period of about 8 years, during which it would gradually decline from a relatively high value. Since the effect of phasing out backward production may remain at a certain degree given a continual action of phasing out backward capacity, it is suggested that the organized action of phasing out backward production should be insisted on.

关键词： coal-fired power energy conservation net coal consumption rate new installation phasing out backward production unit capacity structure

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Analysis of the current situation of environmental policy of China and establishment of distributed environmental

Chaoyang FU,Wangfeng LI

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2015年第9卷第2期页码 310-316 doi: 10.1007/s11783-014-0658-9

摘要： In this study, China’s current macro-environmental policies as well as their implementation and management tools are analyzed. By using the basic economic methodology, detailed studies are conducted focusing on the implementation effect of contemporary China’s typical environmental policy of the total pollutant discharge quantity control type, and also the two types of environmental management tools are compared from the perspective of implementation costs and policy uncertainty. By introduction of distributed management tools into the implementation of environmental policies, market-oriented means and the methods of economic analysis are introduced into environmental policy decision-making mechanisms, which could afford a new method for changing the current relatively low efficiency of environmental policy, solving the problem of “government failure” in environmental policy implementation, and providing a new way to make environmental policy system more flexible and more efficient. It is of great practical significance to solve China's current structural, complex and accumulative environmental problems.

关键词： environmental policy distributed environment policy distributed parameter model lumped parameter model

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An application of game theory in distributed collaborative decision making

Angran XIAO

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2019年第14卷第1期页码 85-101 doi: 10.1007/s11465-019-0523-4

摘要： In a distributed product realization environment, new paradigms and accompanying software systems are necessary to support the collaborative work of geographically dispersed engineering teams from different disciplines who have different knowledge, experience, tools and resources. To verify the concept of collaboration by separation, we propose a generic information communication medium to enable knowledge representation and exchange between engineering teams, a digital interface. Across digital interfaces, each engineering team maintains its own perspective towards the product realization problem, and each controls a subset of design variables and seeks to maximize its own payoff function subject to individual constraints. Hence, we postulate the use of principles from game theory to model the relationships between engineering teams and facilitate collaborative decision making without causing unnecessary information exchange or iteration across digital interfaces. A product design and manufacturing scenario is introduced to demonstrate the efficacy of using game theory to maintain a clean interface between design and manufacturing teams.

关键词： collaboration distributed product realization game theory digital interface

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Decomposition and decoupling analysis of electricity consumption carbon emissions in China

《工程管理前沿（英文）》页码 486-498 doi: 10.1007/s42524-022-0215-3

摘要： Electricity consumption is one of the major contributors to greenhouse gas emissions. In this study, we build a power consumption carbon emission measurement model based on the operating margin factor. We use the decomposition and decoupling technology of logarithmic mean Divisia index method to quantify six effects (emission intensity, power generation structure, consumption electricity intensity, economic scale, population structure, and population scale) and comprehensively reflect the degree of dependence of electricity consumption carbon emissions on China’s economic development and population changes. Moreover, we utilize the decoupling model to analyze the decoupling state between carbon emissions and economic growth and identify corresponding energy efficiency policies. The results of this study provide a new perspective to understand carbon emission reduction potentials in the electricity use of China.

关键词： electricity consumption carbon emission measurement LMDI model decoupling model data driven